Bonds between asphalt pavement surface and ices on road

It is a complex interaction involving both mechanical and molecular forces, primarily driven by the way water penetrates the pavement's texture and then freezes. The primary bonding mechanisms include mechanical interlocking (Water seeps into the voids, pores, and microscopic gaps within the asphalt mixture, then freezes and expanses) and molecular adhesion (Van der Waals Forces and polar interactions lead to surface energy changes). The bond strength is critically influenced by surface roughness, asphalt composition (Of aggregates and butimen) and temperature.